By Chris J. Murphy and Lisa E. Lomelo

New Jersey land use is not for the faint of heart. Anyone who has ever sat through a land use board hearing that stretched on for months knows the truth … this is hand‑to‑hand combat. It’s a world where nearly conforming projects can still face stiff resistance, where politics and planning collide, and where even the most carefully designed development can find itself subject to challenge.

It is essential that developers understand the role that litigation can play in both securing and defending their development rights. That’s where having the right team makes all the difference.

Why Litigation Happens (Even When It Shouldn’t)

Most developers don’t walk into a project expecting to litigate. They invest in planning, engineering, community outreach, and compliance. They hire experienced counsel. They follow the rules. And in many cases, that’s enough.

But New Jersey’s land use framework is uniquely complex. Governing bodies have almost unlimited power to control zoning in the municipality and local land use boards have extreme discretion. Local opposition can be fierce. Even nearly conforming applications can be derailed by shifting political winds, misapplied legal standards, or procedural missteps. Sometimes, a denial is simply the result of a board refusing to accept what the law requires.

A developer must be prepared both to defend challenges from those who may simply not want the project to go forward or to bring an action against a land use board that failed to follow the law.

Consider these scenarios:

• A planning board unlawfully denies a development application due to off-site concerns such as traffic.
• A zoning board grants a use variance but with unreasonable conditions that make the development unlikely to ever be built.
• A board denies approval for one of the few uses that would render the site viable for development.
• An objector presents with counsel and expert testimony with the sole goal of preventing development.

Presenting a well-designed project may not be enough. Unfortunately, land use boards make decisions that they know violate the MLUL, often because they believe they will not be challenged.

Prerogative Writ Actions: The Developer’s Counterpunch

A prerogative writ action is the mechanism to challenge a land use decision in New Jersey Superior Court. It allows a court to review whether the board acted within its jurisdiction and authority and the board’s decision-making process.

These cases often turn on questions like:

• Did the board have proper jurisdiction to hear the development application?
• Did the board act within its legal authority?
• Did the board apply the correct legal standards?
• Did the board rely on the evidence presented to it?
• Did it ignore uncontroverted expert testimony?

When the answer to any of these is “no,” the court can, and often does, step in.

Why It Matter for Developers

Litigation is never the first choice, but it is often a reality. Either as an essential tool to enforce a developer’s rights or because of an objector’s desire to derail a project, a developer may find itself in litigation. It is essential that the development application be presented before the land use in a manner that allows a successful outcome before both that board and a court.

Without it, municipalities can act with impunity. Politics or unfounded community opposition can influence a board to make unlawful decisions. Having a strong team that understands the process and will vigorously defend a developer’s rights at all stages is essential.

For developers, the ability to overturn a wrongful denial or to excise an illegal condition of the approval is essential. It sends a message to municipalities that the applicant is serious and well‑represented.

And perhaps most importantly, litigation can turn a “no” into a “yes.”

The MSW Approach: Precision, Strategy, and Staying Power

Prerogative writ litigation is not about theatrics. It’s about building a meticulous record, identifying legal vulnerabilities, and presenting a compelling narrative grounded in the MLUL. Our team approaches these cases with the same intensity we bring to complex approvals:

• We know the boards. We understand how decisions are made and how they should be made.
• We know the law. Our land use and zoning practice is built on decades of experience navigating the MLUL and its judicial interpretations.
• We know the battlefield. New Jersey’s land use environment is adversarial by nature. We treat it accordingly.

Because we handle both approvals and litigation, we see the full lifecycle of development. That perspective allows us to anticipate issues before they arise and respond decisively when they do.

Litigation as a Strategic Tool—Not a Last Resort

Developers often think of litigation as a failure. In reality, it’s a strategic option – one that can unlock stalled projects, correct municipal overreach, and protect significant investments. A strong team that understands how to build a record and will not flinch at the threat of litigation can often prevent frivolous legal actions before they begin.

In a state where land is scarce, politics are local, and development pressure is high, prerogative writ actions are part of the landscape. The key is approaching them with clarity, confidence, and a team that knows how to win.

In New Jersey, Land Use Is a Contact Sport

The MLUL provides a framework, but the real action happens in the trenches, at hearings, in boardrooms, and, when necessary, in court. Developers who understand this, and who surround themselves with experienced counsel, are the ones who succeed.

At MSW, we don’t shy away from the fight. We prepare for it. And when a denial crosses the line, we’re ready to push back.

For more information on the MSW Land Use Litigation practice, please contact:

Chris J. Murphy, Partner
Chair, Land Use, Zoning and Redevelopment
Phone: (973) 705-7421
Email: cmurphy@murphyllp.com

Lisa E. Lomelo, Counsel
Land Use, Zoning and Redevelopment
Phone: (973) 750-4770
Email: llomelo@murphyllp.com